Birds nest what is it

It was reported the variations in the proliferation percentages of Caco-2 cells is subject to the type and source of EBN used Aswir and Wan, These preliminary studies suggested that some of the constituents of EBN must be imparting into human body or cancer cells with potential to kill rapidly dividing cancer cells.

However, the exact nature and the fate of the components of EBN responsible for the anticancer effects were not detected. Complementary and Alternative Medicine CAM is a branch of medical and health care systems that include treatments and medications that are not regarded to be part of modern medical practices Cassileth and Deng, CAM usage is quite popular among cancer patients.

In Singapore, patients from western and eastern cultures who seek for cancer treatment were introduced to CAM practices either by taking TCM health supplements, traditional Indian medicine Ayurvedic or traditional Malay medicine Jamu.

Lim et al. The authors suggested that CAM has a broad impact on every aspect of the healthcare system including pediatric oncology.

In a similar fashion, Shih et al. About adult cancer patients who are taking medication at the Ambulatory Treatment Unit of National Cancer Center Singapore have answered a survey form. As part of the treatment. This report shows the advantages of EBN as alternative medicine in improving health of cancer patients.

The studies involving the anticancer evaluation of EBN extracts is yet to be carried out and tested on all range of cancer cells. Based on the literature found, most of the study were very preliminary and it is crucial for the EBN to be screened over a range of cancer cell lines so that a strong justification on its anticancer potential can be documented.

Further investigations are needed to elucidate the exact role of different EBN constituents toward cancer cells.

Stem cells are basic cells which are undifferentiated with a potential to differentiate into many different types of cells. The pluripotent ASCs may find differentiation into other types of the mesenchymal cells, such as adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and myocytes Zuk et al.

Due to the mesodermal origin of adipose cells, their differentiation into neural tissue of ectodermal origin is unlikely Tholpady et al.

However, in vitro anti-oxidant activity of adipose cells revealed a bipolar morphology which is indistinguishable to neuronal cells Boone et al. Stem cells are largely important in the regeneration or repair of aberrant or damaged tissues.

ASCs are regarded as the most potent among the mesenchymal stem cells due to its ample confirmations of their pluripotency, multiplying capability and minimum donor morbidity Ogawa, Besides, ASCs presence as highly potential agents in regenerative medicine as their cells can be collected in a huge volume with minimum donor-site morbidity. In the last decade, several studies have pointed to the use of ASCs in clinical applications in future. Roh et al.

In a nutshell, this report highlighted the potential of EBN extract for the improvement of the self-renewal of hADSCs through the enhancement of growth and multiply capability, which suggested that EBN extract may function as an external element to improve self-renewal by increasing the proliferative capacity of hADSCs. EBN extract affected the proliferation of typical healthy human cells only with no remarkable effects on modified cell lines or mutant cells, which indicated the cell specific effects of EBN extract toward normal cells.

However, the details into which the active components of EBN were responsible for these effects still remain to be explored. Therefore, the details of specific component or a group of components of EBN that are responsible for these effects warrant further investigation. EGF promotes cell growth, dividing and proliferation by joining to the binding site at the epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR.

The size of Human EGF protein is 6, Da and it comprises three intramolecular disulfide bonds that linked together with 53 amino acid residues Harris et al.

The binding will promote the activation of intrinsic protein-tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor. The activation of tyrosine kinase activity induces a signal transduction cascade in several biochemical changes within the cell such as the elevated of intracellular calcium levels, up regulated of the protein synthesis and glycolysis process, and increased of the expression level of the EGFR targeted gene.

This leads to DNA synthesis and cell proliferation Albishtue et al. Kong et al. Following semi-purification, the EGF-like activity of EBN was identified using a series of biochemical analyses such as protein assays that include gel electrophoresis and competitive binding assays. Preliminary study using a specific radioreceptor assay showed the semi-purified EGF-like activity of EBN could generate a competitive binding curve that is parallel to the standard curve.

Besides, the EGF-like component present in the EBN extract also could stimulate DNA synthesis by inducing the thymidine inclusion in the quiescent culture of the embryonic fibroblasts 3T3 fibroblasts.

Analysis using heat treatment, trypsin digestion and mEGF EGF isolated from mouse antibody to investigate the simulation of DNA synthesis in human fibroblasts, the semi-purified EGF-like activity of EBN shown the ability to alter the stimulation of thymidine incorporation with the fibroblasts culture by restricted the trypsin digestion and eventually destroyed the its activity. This result indicated that the nest EGF shared many similarities with EGF isolated from mouse or shrew in terms of its physical properties.

This section summarised the possible reason of EGF-like substance in the EBN that may contribute to its rejuvenating properties. However, there is a need to find out the possible substance, and characterize its structure through in vitro and in vivo studies, both alone and in EBN as a formulation. Bones are rigid structures inside human body that form part of the skeleton system.

They are vital to the support system and protect various important organs in the body. Additionally, bones play important roles in the production of white and red blood cells, minerals storage and involve in regulation of body movements and locomotion.

Matsukawa et al. It was reported that the oral consumption of EBN extract improved bone strength of ovariectomized rats due to the increasing of calcium level in the femur of the rats. More importantly, it was also observed the enhancement of dermal thickness following the EBN extract administration.

Since the ovarian production of estrogen will decline and this will be the major cause of rapid bone loss after menopause Gruber et al. Osteoarthritis OA is an established degenerative disorder caused by the deterioration of joints that includes the articular cartilage and subchondral bone.

It is a painful disorder of the joints often causing stiffness and loss of ability. It is assumed that EBN extract poses some active ingredients that may minimized the occurrence of OA and contribute to the regeneration of cartilage Wong et al.

In addition, Chua et al. However, in anabolic activity analysis, total sulfated glycosaminoglycan production was increased and the expression level of targeted gens such as Aggrecan, type II collagen and SOX-9 were also elevated. However, it needs to be seen which components of EBN and how they demonstrate such effects. Therefore, EBN may be have a great potential as a replacement nutrient and supplement for osteoarthritis.

Eyes are the main sensory organs of the human body that react to light and give sight. The rod and cone cells in the retina are important conscious sense organs, which can enhance vision and conscious light perception. Our human eye is known to distinguish approximately 10 million colors Land and Fernald, The transparent cornea covers three main organs which are pupil, iris, and the anterior chamber.

Three distinct cell layers make up the cornea, including the stroma, epithelium and endothelium. Each individual cornea layer has its specialized visual functions. The cell layers also act as protective barriers from external environment Lu et al. It has a highly organized extracellular matrix ECM and consist of relatively low keratocyte density West-Mays and Dwivedi, Keratocytes derived from the corneal layers are mesenchymal-derived cells which directly regulate in the synthesis and secretion of the ECM components He and Bazan, Generally, the cornea is damaged by light injuries including localized burns, scraping or abrasions, and some extensive injuries in terms of surface or depth Bizrah et al.

There are a few researches performed on the development of medicinal eye care product from EBN. Abidin et al. Two significant results from Abidin et al. One significant result was the supplementary effect of EBN from 0.

Another study from Khalid et al. From these literatures, EBN showed great potential to enhance the cell repair from damage through higher cell proliferation rate and proper functioning maintenance in the wound healing of corneal tissues. To develop EBN-based eye drops products before in vivo application, the in vitro test can be a critical first step in the beginning.

However, efforts are needed to see if there are any adverse reactions of EBN on other cell types in the vicinity of corneal keratocytes.

Besides, it needs to be seen which of the EBN ingredients is responsible for the activity. Neurodegeneration refers to the progressive loss of the structure or function of neurons. PD is an age-related progressive neurodegeneration. It is projected that the prevalence of PD will exceed nine million globally for people who aged more than 50 years old by the end of Szatmari et al. Factors including depletion of dopaminergic neuronal in the substantia nigra and depletion of dopamine in the striatum are the hallmark pathology of PD Yew et al.

The degeneration of motor functions occurs with dopamine depletion and the patients often show clinical symptoms including slow responsiveness, rigidity, and tremor Snyder and Adler, For the past few years, works on EBN and neuroprotective effects have been studied by a number of scientist. Nuclear staining and morphological observation indicated that the application of EBN can decrease apoptotic changes induced by 6-hydroxydopamine 6HD in the HNS cells.

Nevertheless, EBN water extract showed great roles in the cleavage inhibition of caspase-3, regulate the early apoptotic effect on the phosphatidylserine externalization membrane and neuron recovery with reactive oxygen species build-up.

Another similar study also clearly showed that enzyme extraction from EBN might possess neuroprotective effects through the apoptosis inhibition against 6HD-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons Careena et al. EBN can therefore serve as a viable nutraceutical alternative for the protection against oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases. A different study conducted by Hou et al. It was observed that lactoferrin and ovotransferrin within EBN attenuated H 2 O 2 -induced toxicity and cytotoxicity.

The contents from EBN further decreased ROS with the enhancement of scavenging process which corresponds to a later work done by Careena et al. These reports indicated that EBN may act as a neuroprotective agent against cell oxidative stress and H 2 O 2 -induced cytotoxicity. Although many researches have been reported on neuroprotective effects of EBN, the current scientific reports have not been able to demonstrate which of the specific EBN components or combination thereof has neuroprotective effects.

Hence, the research efforts on EBN are needed to conclude this point in the near future. The human body has several anti-oxidant mechanisms that counteract oxidative stress from normal metabolic activity Wang et al. The food contains the antioxidants components which are able to fight against the cell-disruptive effects.

These antioxidants supplied function either individually or in combination with the endogenous systems. The implications of antioxidants with diet have been shown to be beneficial to human health, but their absence may trigger a number of diseases due to uncontrolled oxidative stress. Numerous vegetables and fruits have been shown to have antioxidant properties against certain cancers and other diseases. Thus, people who regularly rely on fruits and vegetables that are rich in anti-oxidants have lesser frequencies of free radical-induced diseases Babji et al.

Antioxidants have been the subject of great attention in the present scenario on because of their potential for fighting oxidative stress-related diseases. EBN has long been first reported to contain antioxidants Ghassem et al. As such, the effect of its antioxidants after oral administration is not fully known. The anti-oxidative effect of EBN showed the presence of two main constituents, namely ovotransferrin and lactoferrin Hou et al.

Furthermore, transcriptional changes in anti-oxidant related genes were brought about by lactoferrin, ovotransferrin and EBN were in linked with the neuroprotection Hou et al. There are three types of bird birds prior to the cleaning process:. Moreover, many of these companies poach the nests using unethical methods. Golden Nest has always prided itself in sourcing its nests from cruelty-free swallow houses, where workers take diligent care in harvesting nests.

Close search. All Products expand. Producer Aung Kyaw Moe said that, because the swiftlet populations naturally increase as the birds become accustomed to their homes, the industry will only grow in the coming years. Follow htlifeandstyle for more. When boiled in water, the nests dissolve into a gelatinous gloop which is then made into desserts or drunk as a soup or a tonic that is said to prolong life and improve strength.

Share Via. A woman riding a motorcycle as swiftlets fly in Bokpyin township, Tanintharyi Region in southeastern Myanmar. AFP Edible birds nests have become one of the main industries in the town, traditionally known for producing the chewable stimulant betel nut as well as rubber and palm oil. AFP Most of the tiny white nests, which are made from solidified bird spit, are sold to neighbouring China.

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