Propane has how many carbon atoms

Paquette at Ohio State University. Alkyl halides , or haloalkanes , are alkanes in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon-halogen bond is more polar than the carbon-hydrogen bonds, but most alkyl halides are not very soluble in water. Alkyl fluorides and chlorides having only one halogen atoms have densities that are higher than those of alkanes, but are slightly less dense than water, while alkyl bromides and iodides are generally more dense than water.

Alkyl halides having more than one halogen atom are often more dense than water. Alkyl halides are named as alkanes, with the halogens named as halo- substituents. The halogens are named as fluoro- , bromo- , chloro- , and iodo- when attached to a carbon atom. For example, the name "1-chloropropane" indicated a three-carbon chain with a chlorine atom on carbon number 1.

A number of simple alkyl halides are usually known by their common names; for instance, trichloromethane is almost always referred to as "chloroform. It is a very common solvent, but it is mildly toxic; it is more dense than water, having a density of 1.

It is sometime used as a paint remover and degreaser. It is used to decaffeinate coffee beans; since it has such a low boiling point, the residual solvent can be removed from the beans at fairly low temperatures. Chloroform is a commonly used organic solvent, and like dichloromethane is more dense than water d 1.

Chloroform vapor is a anesthetic: James Young Simpson was the first to use chloroform as an anesthetic during childbirth in presumably, not on himself! However, since chloroform is carcinogenic, and toxic to the liver, it is not widely used for this purpose anymore.

It's also useful for knocking out giant apes. Tetrachloromethane Carbon Tetrachloride 3D Download 3D Tetrachloromethane better known as carbon tetrachloride is a liquid at room temperature, with a density of 1. It used to be a common organic solvent, and was widely used for dry cleaning and spot removal.

However, it has been shown to be toxic and carcinogenic, so other solvents are used instead. Carbon tetrachloride is also a contributor to ozone depletion see Freon , and has been banned under the Montreal Protocols that set strict limits on the use of CFCs. It was heavily used in dry cleaning, but it has been replaced by other solvents such as tetrachloroethylene under the Montreal Protocols see Freon Dichlorodifluoromethane Freon 3D Download 3D Dichlorodifluoromethane Freon is an example of the chlorofluorocarbons CFCs, or freons , which are organic compound containing fluorine and chlorine atoms.

These compounds were developed in the s for use as refrigerants; prior to this, ammonia was used as a refrigerant, but the high toxicity of ammonia gas made this less than ideal.

The CFCs are relatively nontoxic, very unreactive, and boil at low temperatures, and were thus ideal for use in refrigeration equipment. In addition, CFCs were widely used as aerosol propellants in spray cans, and as foaming agents in the manufacture of plastic foams such as Styrofoam.

Unfortunately, the low reactivity of the CFCs leads to a major environmental problem: they persist in the environment for a long time up to a century , and eventually make their way into the upper atmosphere, where they damage the ozone layer.

Ozone , O 3 , is an allotropic form of molecular oxygen, O 2 , which is found in the stratosphere, at an altitude of 10 to 50 km above the surface of the Earth. It is produced when photons h n of high-energy ultraviolet light wavelengths of nm or less from the Sun splits oxygen molecules into oxygen atoms O. The oxygen atoms combine with oxygen molecules to make ozone:.

This ozone that is produced from this reaction absorbs ultraviolet light with wavelengths of nm or less, splitting into oxygen molecules and oxygen atoms,. The ozone in the ozone layer thus protects the surface of the Earth and more importantly, the living organisms that make their home there from much of the damaging high-energy ultraviolet light from the Sun. When a molecule of Freon drifts into the upper atmosphere, photons of high-energy light can strike it, causing it to release a chlorine atom:.

The chlorine atom has an unpaired electron, and is a highly reactive free radical , which reacts with ozone in the stratosphere, converting it to molecular oxygen:. The chlorine atom is regenerated in this process, and behaves as a catalyst; one chlorine atom can destroy up to , ozone molecules.

The mechanism for ozone destruction was first published in by F. Sherwood Rowland and Mario J. Molina; they shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in with Paul Crutzen, who proposed a similar mechanism for the destruction of ozone by nitrogen oxides in In , an international agreement called the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was signed.

This treaty cut back on the production and use of CFCs; in , partially in response to the alarming increase in the size of the "ozone hole" over the South Pole, the agreement was extended to become a ban on the use of CFCs starting in It is believed that CFC levels in the stratosphere will continue to rise through the s, and will not return to safe levels until the middle of the s. CFCs in refrigeration are being replaced by hydrochlorofluorocarbons HCFCs , which are slightly more reactive than CFCs, and fall apart before reaching the stratosphere, and by hydrofluorocarbons HFCs ; in propellants they are being replaced mostly by carbon dioxide and low-boiling point hydrocarbons.

The HCFCs are not fully halogenated — i. Because of this, these molecules are less stable than the CFCs, and degrade to a larger extent before they reach the upper atmosphere. The HFCs contain only hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon, and are not damaging to the ozone layer. Freona is now widely used in the air conditioning systems of automobiles in place of Freon Download 3D Bromochlorodifluoromethane Halon is an example of a halon , a haloalkane that has bromine atoms in addition to chlorine and fluorine atoms.

Halons are very stable, and are useful in fire extinguishers, since they do not damage electronic equipment. Their use has largely been phased out under the Montreal Protocols see Freon above , but they are still used in fire suppression systems aboard some aircraft, since no completely satisfactory and safe alternatives have been discovered. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane DDT 3D Download 3D Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane , or 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis- p -chlorophenyl ethane , better knows as DDT , is an very powerful insecticide.

It was unique among the known insecticides at the time of its discovery in , in that it was effective against insects, but not very toxic to mammals. DDT was widely used to kill mosquitoes that spread malaria, and was also effective against the insects that spread sleeping sickness and typhus.

Unfortunately, DDT persists in the environment for a long time, and its accumulation in wildlife lead to decreases in the populations of several bird species. It is used in some shampoos to kill lice and other ectoparasites. However, it is a suspected carcinogen, and is banned in California, and several countries. Chlordane 3D Download 3D Chlordane was used as a pesticide on some crops, and was also used to kill termites. Because of concerns about its toxicity, it was banned by the EPA in To make propane, it develops a chain of three carbon atoms bonded with a total of eight hydrogen atoms.

Butane, commonly used for hand-held torches, contains four carbon atoms with 10 hydrogen atoms. Propane features a more direct makeup as a straight-chain alkane.

With eight total hydrogen bonds, the outer carbon atoms join three hydrogen atoms, each while the middle carbon atom bonds with just two hydrogen atoms. Propane only can be stored in a liquid state when in a pressurized tank because its boiling point is degrees Fahrenheit. What is NBR? Decomposers include? The handle of pressure cookers is made of plastic because it should be made non-conductor of heat.

The plastic used there is the first man-made plastic, which is. Which one of the following types of medicines is used for treating indigestion? The compounds having same formula but different arrangements is called-. More Chemistry Questions Q1. Which of the following pair is correct? Isotopes - different mass number II. Over millions of years it formed from the organic remains of organisms and is mined from underground deposits.

Propane gas is an organic compound made of three molecules of carbon atoms bonded with eight hydrogen atoms. The type of carbon-carbon carbon-hydrogen bonds determines the structure of propane molecules, which follows the same pattern as other types of natural gasses like methane and butane. Propane is classified as an organic compound because it contains carbon. It is further categorized as a hydrocarbon because it belongs to a group of organic compounds that are made of only carbon and hydrogen.

More specifically, propane is a type of hydrocarbon called an alkane. The atoms in alkane molecules are held together by single covalent bonds, and carbon atoms always form four covalent bonds. The simplest alkane is methane, otherwise known as natural gas. It contains one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms. Ethane contains two carbon atoms bonded together, and each carbon is bonded to three hydrogen atoms for a total of six hydrogen atoms.

Butane, another common alkane used as fuel in hand-held gas torches, has four carbon atoms bonded with ten hydrogen atoms, with a chemical formula of C 4 H